For professional composers, folk music has always been a source of creative inspiration. Folklore genres are abundantly cited in the academic music of all times and peoples, the stylization of folk songs, tunes, dances is a favorite artistic device of classical composers.
Diamond cut diamond
Folklore genres in the music of Russian classical composers are perceived as a natural and integral part of it, as its heritage. Russian composers confined the diamond of folk genres into a diamond, carefully touching the music of different nations, hearing the richness of its intonations and rhythms and embodying its lively appearance in their works.
It is difficult to name a Russian opera or symphonic work, no matter where the Russian folk music is played. ON. Rimsky-Korsakov created for the opera "The Tsar's Bride" a heartfelt lyrical song in the folk style, in it the grief of a girl who marries the unloved is poured. Lyubasha's song contains the characteristic features of Russian lyric song folklore: it sounds without instrumental accompaniment, that is, a capella (the rarest example in the opera), a broad, drawn-out melody of a song is diatonic, equipped with the richest chants.
C mild hands of M.I. Glinka, many Russian composers were carried away by Oriental (Eastern) folklore: A.P. Borodin and M.A. Balakirev, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov and S.V. Rachmaninov. In Rachmaninov's romance "Do not sing, the beauty is with me" the vocal melody and accompaniment demonstrate virtuoso chromatic intonations characteristic of the music of the East.
The famous fantasy for piano "Islamey" Balakirev is written on the basis of the eponymous Kabardian folk dance. The furious rhythm of the frantic male dance is combined in this piece with a singing, languid theme - it is of Tatar origin.
Genre kaleidoscope
Folklore genres in the music of Western European composers - a very common artistic phenomenon. Ancient dances - rigodon, gavot, saraband, chacon, burr, galliard and other folk songs - from lullabies to table, frequent guests in the pages of musical compositions of famous composers. The graceful French minuet, which emerged from the folk environment, became one of the favorites of European nobility, and, after some time, it included professional composers as one of the pieces of the instrumental suite (XVII century). In Viennese classics this dance took the place of honor of the third part of the sonata-symphonic cycle (XVIII century).
Round dance folk dance of Farandol was born in the south of France. Holding hands, moving in a chain, the performers of farandola form various figures to the accompaniment of a cheerful tambourine and gentle flute. Incendiary farandol sounds in the symphonic suite of G. Bizet "Arlezianka" immediately after the marching introduction, which is also based on a genuine ancient tune - the Christmas song "March of the Three Kings".
The invocative and shrill tunes of the magnificent Andalusian flamenco were embodied in his work by the Spanish composer M. de Falla. In particular, he created a one-act mystical ballet-pantomime based on folk motifs, calling it "Sorcerer's Love." In the ballet there is a vocal part - the composition of flamenco, besides dance, includes singing, which is alternated by guitar interludes. Figurative content of flamenco - the lyrics, filled with inner strength and passion. The main themes are passionate love, bitter loneliness, death. Death separates the gypsy Candelas from her windy lover in the ballet de Falla. But the magical "Dance of Fire" frees the enchanted heroine of the deceased, and revives Candelas to a new love.
The blues, which originated in the late 19th century in the southeastern United States, has become one of the most prominent phenomena of African-American culture. It has developed as a fusion of Negro labor songs and spirituals. The blues songs of American blacks expressed their longing for lost happiness. The classic blues are peculiar: improvisation, polyrhythm, syncopated rhythms, lowering the major levels (III, V, VII). Creating the "Rhapsody in the Blues Style", American composer George Gershwin sought to create a musical style that would combine classical music and jazz. This unique artistic experiment was a brilliant success for the composer.
It is gratifying to note that the love of the folk genre has not dried up in musical classics even today. "Chimes" V. Gavrilin - the clearest confirmation of this. This is an amazing work, in which - all of Russia - needs no comment!
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